Sunshine Project: US-Militärs planen die Entwicklung neuartiger Biowaffen / US Armed Forces Push for Offensive Biological Weapons Development
Zwei Forschungsanträge für gentechnisch veränderte Bakterien zur Materialzerstörung
Erstmals liegen jetzt schriftliche Beweise dafür vor, dass
US-amerikanische Militärs den Einsatz biologische Waffen planen. Dem
US-Büro des Sunshine Project wurden vergangene Woche zwei
Forschungsanträge zugänglich gemacht, die sich mit der Entwicklung und
Erprobung Material zerstörender Mikroorganismen zu offensiven Zwecken
befassen. Unverhohlen heißt es dort beispielsweise: „Es ist das Ziel der
vorgeschlagenen Untersuchungen, (....) Systeme zu entwickeln, die die
Fähigkeiten eines möglichen Gegners zur Kriegsführung zerstören“.
Derzeit werden diese Forschungsanträge von einem Gremium der Nationalen
Akademie der Wissenschaften der USA begutachtet. Die Entwicklung von
Material zerstörenden Mikroorganismen zu offensiven Zwecken ist durch
die US-amerikanische Gesetzgebung explizit und ausdrücklich verboten.
Auch das generelle Biowaffen-Verbot der internationalen
Biowaffen-Konvention umfasst Material zerstörende Organismen.
Die folgende englischsprachige Presseerklärung von Sunshine Project USA
fasst die Geschichte zusammen. Die entsprechenden Originaldokumente
sowie weiterführende Informationen finden sich auf der Internetseite
unserer US-Kollegen unter www.sunshine-project.org.
Eine kurze deutschsprachige Übersicht über Material zerstörende Biowaffen ist unter
www.sunshine-project.de/infos/aktuelles/02_03_13_antimaterial_microbes.html
zu finden.
Wir haben diesen Bericht vom 14. März 2002 auf unserer Homepage bereits dokumentiert ("Forschung an "nicht-tödlichen" Waffen in den USA")
The Sunshine Project
News Release - 8 May 2002
US Armed Forces Push for Offensive Biological Weapons Development
(Austin and Hamburg, 8 May 2002) - US Navy and Air Force biotechnology
laboratories are proposing development of offensive biological weapons.
The weapons, genetically engineered microbes that attack items such as
fuel, plastics and asphalt, would violate federal and international law.
The proposals have been made by the Naval Research Laboratory
(Washington, DC) and the Armstrong Laboratory (Brooks Air Force Base,
San Antonio, Texas). They date from 1997; but were recently submitted by
the Marine Corps for a high-level assessment by a panel of the US
National Academies of Science (NAS). The NAS panel (see website for
members) has prepared a draft report; but it has not been released to
the public.
The uncovering of these proposals for an offensive biological weapons
program comes at a critical political juncture. The US has rejected a
legally-binding system of United Nations inspections of suspected
biological weapons facilities. At the same time, the Bush administration
is aggressively accusing other countries of developing biological
weapons and expanding its so-called "Axis of Evil" based in large part
on allegations of foreign biological weapons development.
But it is increasingly apparent that there are serious questions about
the United States' own compliance with the Biological and Toxin Weapons
Convention (BTWC). While US allegations against other countries are
generally undocumented, the proposals described in this press release
were recently released to the Sunshine Project under the Freedom of
Information Act and have been placed on the internet for independent
analysis (See www.sunshine-project.org).
Explicitly for Offense: In the murky world of biological weapons
research, many technologies are "dual use", that is, they have both
offensive and peaceful applications. The alleged transfer of dual use
technologies, such as vaccine research, is a basis of charges made
against Cuba on May 6th by US Under Secretary of State John Bolton. The
US armed forces documents released here, however, are not about "dual
use" technology, they are explicit proposals for offensive
weaponsmaking.
According to the Naval Research Laboratory, "It is the purpose of the
proposed research to capitalize on the degradative potential of
naturally occurring microorganisms, and to engineer additional, focused
degradative capabilities into [genetically modified microorganisms], to
produce systems that will degrade the warfighting capabilities of
potential adversaries." The Air Force proposes "genetically engineered
catalysts made by bacteria that destroy fuels, explosives, bio/chem
weapons etc. (…) Catalysts can be engineered to destroy whatever war
material is desired." The proposals indicate these weapons might be used
by all the armed forces, including the Special Forces and in
peacekeeping and anti-narcotics operations.
Additional Documents Suppressed: These proposals are probably only the
tip of the iceberg. For over one year, the Marine Corps has delayed
response to a Sunshine Project Freedom of Information Act request that
now includes 147 unclassified documents. The two proposals described
here are part of a recent first release of 8 items from that request.
139 related legal and weapons development documents are unreleased. The
Marine Corps says the delay is due to a lack of manpower.
The National Academies are also suppressing related documents. As part
of the Marine Corps-commissioned study, in 2001 at least 77 apparently
chemical and biological weapons-related documents were deposited in the
NAS Public Access Records File, a library open for inspection and
copying by all persons. After the Sunshine Project requested copies of
these documents on March 12th 2002, the National Academies placed a
"security hold" on the public file. High-ranking NAS officials have
refused to explain who ordered the hold, or to offer a credible
explanation as to why it exists. The Sunshine Project believes that NAS
is under pressure from high-ranking US officials to "Enron" the public
record to avoid release of politically sensitive material. Rather than
assist a purge of the public record, NAS - a leading US non-profit
scientific body - must condemn and release the proposals for illegal
weapons that is has received.
Legal Implications: The research proposed by the Air Force and Navy
raises serious legal questions. Under the US Biological Weapons
Anti-Terrorism Act, development of biological weapons, including those
that attack materials, is subject to federal criminal and civil
penalties. The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, which the US and
143 other countries have ratified, prohibits development, acquisition,
and stockpiling of any biological agents not justifiable for peaceful or
prophylactic purposes. There is no such justification for the offensive
research proposed by the Navy and Air Force. The proposals are certain
to weigh heavily on all countries' minds as they prepare for November's
reconstituted 5th Review Conference of the BTWC.
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