Pentagon stellt eine neue Nationale Verteigigungs Strategie vor / 2008 National Defense Strategy
"Soft Power" und "internationale Kooperation" statt Militarisierung und Unilateralismus / A "militarized foreign policy" is contrary to American interests
Im Juni 2008 erblickte eine neue Nationale Verteidigungs Strategie (National Defense Strategy) der USA das Licht der Welt. Sie wurde vom US-Verteidigungsministerium erarbeitet und erst am 31. Juli der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht.
Bemerkenswert an der NDS 2008 ist nicht, dass sich das Hauptaugenmerk des US-Militärs weiterhin auf den Krieg gegen den Terror richtet und dass man sich diesen Krieg als einen "langen Krieg" ("Long War") vorstellt. Bemerkenswert ist vielmehr die Botschaft, dass die USA eine Militarisiertung der Außenpolitik vermeiden müssten (sie sei den Interessen der USA abträglich) und dass wesentlich mehr Beachtung der Entwicklung von "soft power" geschenkt werden müsse. Dass solche Töne aus dem Pentagon kommen müssen, wirft ein bezeichnendes Licht auf das durch und durch militarisierte Denken im Weißen Haus unter George W. Bush oder im State Department von Condoleezza Rice.
Auch eine Abkehr vom Unilateralismus könnte aus der NDS 2008 herausgelesen werden. Verteidigungsminister Robert M. Gates betont, dass der "Lange Krieg" von den USA nicht allein gewonnen werden könne.
Im Folgenden dokumentieren wir einen offiziellen Text von der Website des US-Verteidigungsministeriums anlässlich der Präsentation der NDS 2008 im Internet.
Das Originaldokument der NDS 2008 haben wir hier dokumentiert:
2008 National Defense Strategy (pdf-Datei)
Pentagon Pushes for 'Soft Power,' Interagency Cooperation
By John J. Kruzel
American Forces Press Service
WASHINGTON, Aug. 1, 2008 -- The Pentagon's new National Defense Strategy
is the latest in a series of Defense Department messages highlighting
the need to develop a U.S. foreign policy with greater emphasis on
so-called "soft powers" such as diplomacy and international aid.
The broad-brush document released yesterday includes a section that
strikes at the need for greater cooperation, or "jointness," between the
department and its interagency partners if American operations abroad
are to succeed.
"Iraq and Afghanistan remind us that military success alone is
insufficient to achieve victory," the strategy reads. "We must not
forget our hard-learned lessons or allow the important soft power
capabilities developed because of them to atrophy or even disappear."
Beyond security, the "essential ingredients" of long-term success
include economic development, institution building and enforcing the
rule of law, the document states.
To achieve these ends, the strategy recommends closer coordination among
other U.S. departments and agencies, state and local governments,
partners and allies, and international and multilateral organizations.
"A whole-of-government approach is only possible when every government
department and agency understands the core competencies, roles,
missions, and capabilities of its partners and works together to achieve
common goals," it states.
Meanwhile, on Capitol Hill yesterday, Eric S. Edelman, the
undersecretary of defense for policy, testified before Congress on the
U.S. military's role in foreign policy.
Edelman, who is a top official at both the Defense and State
departments, told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that a
"militarized foreign policy" is contrary to American interests.
"From our point of view, such an agenda would be counterproductive,
wasteful and dysfunctional," he said. "It would send exactly the wrong
message to those nations who are striving to build democracies with
civilian oversight and to be able to partner with us."
The departments of Defense and State have made some significant strides
in improving coordination on nonmilitary functions such as humanitarian
assistance and interagency information-sharing, he said. But that
represents only the first step, he added.
"Far too often, we find our military assuming missions for which it's
not best placed," Edelman said. "And while we've filled these gaps
admirably, I believe, there's no substitute for civilian expertise and
experience, whether it's building schools, advising city councils, or
[engaging] in other activities in complex operational environments."
Edelman's comments echo Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates, who earlier
this month said diplomacy and development should lead American efforts
abroad and warned against a "creeping militarization" of U.S. foreign
policy.
"Broadly speaking, when it comes to America's engagement with the rest
of the world, it is important that the military is -- and is clearly
seen to be -- in a supporting role to civilian agencies," Gates told an
audience at a dinner organized by the U.S. Global Leadership Campaign.
The secretary -- who in the past has been a strong advocate for
increasing the State Department and U.S. Agency for International
Development budgets and increasing their manpower rolls -- encouraged
greater flexibility within the tools of U.S. power.
"The challenge facing our institutions," he said, "is to adapt to new
realities while preserving those core competencies and institutional
traits that have made them so successful in the past."
Source: www.defense.gov
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