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Sondergericht für Südsudan gefordert

Idee des Generalsekretärs der UNO zur Konfliktlösung *

UNO-Generalsekretär Ban Ki Moon hat einen Sondergerichtshof für Südsudan gefordert. Nur auf diese Weise könne sichergestellt werden, dass die im Bürgerkrieg von beiden Seiten verübten Verbrechen nicht straffrei blieben, erklärte Ban in New York. Der Gerichtshof könnte entweder ausschließlich international oder mit südsudanesischen und internationalen Richtern besetzt werden. Über die Einzelheiten müsse der Sicherheitsrat entscheiden. Nach Ermittlungen der UN-Mission in Südsudan verübten sowohl Soldaten der regulären Armee-Einheiten als auch Kämpfer von Rebellenführer Riek Machar Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit, wie Ban sagte.

Der Konflikt begann Mitte Dezember als Machtkampf zwischen Präsident Salva Kiir und seinem ehemaligen Stellvertreter Machar, nahm aber sehr schnell eine brutale ethnische Dimension an. Mehr als 80 000 Menschen suchten auf Grundstücken der Vereinten Nationen Schutz, über 1,2 Millionen sind auf der Flucht.

Ban fordert beide Seiten außerdem auf, den am Freitag in der äthiopischen Hauptstadt Addis Abeba unterzeichneten Waffenstillstandsvertrag zu respektieren. Beide Seiten beschuldigten einander bereits erneuter Kampfhandlungen. Ban bestätigte, dass es in der Erdölmetropole Bentiu neue Gefechte gab.

Präsident Kiir will die für 2015 geplanten Wahlen um zwei oder drei Jahre verschieben. Dies teilte die Regierung in Juba am Montag mit. Zunächst müsse die nationale Aussöhnung vorangetrieben werden. Kiir versprach, baldmöglichst eine Übergangsregierung einzurichten, die alle Parteien berücksichtige.

* Aus: neues deutschland, Mittwoch, 14. Mai 2014


South Sudan: UN Mission welcomes deal to resolve conflict in long-troubled Pibor **

14 May 2014 – The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) has welcomed the signing of an agreement between the Government and the South Sudan Democratic Movement/Army (Cobra Faction) on the peaceful resolution of the conflict in Greater Pibor County, Jonglei state.

In a press statement welcoming the accord, reached in Addis Ababa on 9 May, UNMISS chief Hilde Johnson recalled that just six months ago, prior to the to the current national crisis, Pibor County was the epicentre of instability in South Sudan, and the conflict between the SSDM/A and the Government was the focus of international attention.

“I would like to thank the negotiators as well as the religious leaders for their efforts in stopping the violence, bloodshed and suffering of the citizens of Pibor County” she said, commending the Church Mediation Team for facilitating the deal and congratulating the parties for ensuring that peace and stability has prevailed in Greater Pibor County since their dialogue began last year.

The agreement, Ms. Johnson continued, will lay the foundation of a durable peace for all the people and communities of Pibor and surrounding counties. “I ask them and their leaders to turn this agreement into swift action” she added.

Meanwhile, the Mission stands ready to support the full implementation of the peace agreement and called on all international development and humanitarian partners to provide assistance that will enable the Government and the people of the Greater Pibor County to address the root causes of the longstanding instability, including the delivery of basic services and other peace dividends.

Further to the press statement, Ms. Johnson reaffirmed the Mission's steadfast commitment to the people of South Sudan, and expressed her hope that the Government and the SPLA/In Opposition can follow suit and also reach a peaceful solution to the wider conflict “which continues to cause untold suffering to the people of South Sudan.”

The Pibor agreement comes as a broader accord was signed on 9 May, also in the Ethiopian capital, by South Sudan's President, Salva Kiir, and former Vice President Riek Machar, whose supporters have waged a five-month battle that has displaced hundreds of thousands of civilians and led to gross human rights violations by both sides. The agreement to resolve the country's wider crisis was welcomed late last week by UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.

** UN News Centre, 14 May 2014; http://www.un.org


UN chief urges maximum restraint amid reported breaches of South Sudan ceasefire ***

12 May 2014 – Political dialogue is the only answer to the conflict in South Sudan, Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon stressed today, as he urged maximum restraint by all parties amid accusations of breaches of the ceasefire agreement signed just a few days ago.

On Friday, President Salva Kiir and former vice president Riek Machar signed an agreement to resolve the five-month-old crisis in South Sudan, which has claimed thousands of lives, left nearly five million in need of humanitarian assistance and led to atrocities being committed by both sides.

“Now the onus is on both South Sudanese leaders to accelerate the momentum for peace,” Mr. Ban said as he briefed the Security Council following his visit to the world’s youngest nation last week to sound the alarm about the violence and the risk of catastrophic famine.

“If the conflict continues, half of South Sudan’s 12 million people will either be displaced internally, refugees abroad, starving or dead by the year’s end,” he warned.

The conflict has also displaced more than a million people, including more than 80,000 people who are sheltering at UN bases around the country.

While in the capital, Juba, Mr. Ban visited the Tomping protection of civilians site, which hosts some 20,000 people. “I was moved by their welcome and appalled at the conditions they are having to endure, which are worse than in any of the many refugee camps I have visited around the world,” he said.

“The United Nations policy of opening our gates as an emergency option to protect innocent civilians is correct, unprecedented and not without considerable risk – to United Nations staff, to our relations with communities and to those we are trying to shelter,” the Secretary-General stated.

“It is not a routine decision, nor one we took lightly, but one we were morally compelled to take. I am proud of the actions of our United Nations peacekeepers and civilian staff. Their quick response and courage has saved tens of thousands of lives.

“But this is not a long-term solution,” he stressed. “This is an entirely man-made calamity and it needs the engagement of all actors to change course.”

Mr. Ban highlighted five priorities, beginning with the need to end the fighting immediately. “I am troubled by the accusations by both sides of breaches of the ceasefire already, and I urge maximum restraint by all parties.”

He also stressed the need for both sides to fulfil their commitment to allowing humanitarian access – by air, by road and, in particular, by barge along the Nile – and for the international community to support humanitarian action.

“The United Nations is launching a massive operation to help 3.2 million people, but we need resources. The humanitarian community is $781 million short of the $1.27 billion that we estimate is needed by the middle of this year,” Mr. Ban said, as he urged all countries to support the donor conference on South Sudan to be hosted by Norway and the UN on 20 May.

Equally important is the need for justice and accountability, and for the two leaders to recommit to inclusive nation-building that involves all political leaders and civil society.

“They must cease a senseless power struggle and restore the sense of national unity that prevailed at the time of independence,” said the Secretary-General.

Meanwhile, the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) reported incidents of fighting between Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) and opposition forces in parts of Unity and Upper Nile state over the weekend, in violation of the ceasefire agreement.

Both sides clashed west of Bentiu in Unity state yesterday, the Mission reported. Small arms fire, as well as several explosions, was also heard close to the Mission’s compound in Bentiu, where upwards of 23,000 civilians are being protected.

“The UN Mission condemns the fighting and asks the parties to immediately implement the commitments that they have signed into action on the ground, and cease all hostilities,” UN spokesperson Stéphane Dujarric told reporters in New York.

*** UN News Centre, 12 May 2014; http://www.un.org


Kriegsverbrechen in Südsudan

Martin Ling über die Forderung nach einem Sondergerichtshof für Südsudan ****

Die Zweifel halten sich in engen Grenzen: In Südsudan haben sich seit dem Beginn der offenen Feindseligkeiten zwischen Dinka und Nuer Mitte Dezember Kriegsgräuel zugetragen: auf beiden Seiten und gegen die Zivilbevölkerung. Dass der UNO-Generalsekretär Ban Ki Moon nun einen Sondergerichtshof für Südsudan gefordert hat, ist naheliegend. Denn die Erfahrung mit Bürgerkriegen zeigt, dass ein Neuanfang die öffentliche Aussprache des Unrechts, die Nennung der Täter und eine plausible Rechtsprechung erfordert. In Ruanda wurde das nach dem Völkermord 1994 im Großen und Ganzen beherzigt, in Sierra Leones Friedensabkommen von 2003 sträflichst vernachlässigt. Begnadigung und Straflosigkeit sind immer eine Ermunterung für Täter, ihre Taten zu wiederholen – das hat sich in Sierra Leone gezeigt.

Ban hat recht, dass die im Bürgerkrieg von beiden Seiten verübten Verbrechen nicht straffrei bleiben dürfen. Doch kurzfristig hülfe der Gerichtshof nicht weiter, um die sich im Gang befindliche Gewaltspirale zu stoppen. Und ein wenig klingt Bans Vorschlag nach Ablenkungsmanöver. Denn noch immer ist die UN-Mission in Südsudan nicht ansatzweise mit dem vorgesehenen Kontingent an Soldaten und Polizisten ausgestattet. In Ruanda ebnete das Zögern der UNO den Völkermördern den Weg. Ban sollte zuvorderst darauf drängen, dass sich das in Südsudan nicht wiederholt.

**** Aus: neues deutschland, Mittwoch, 14. Mai 2014 (Kommentar)


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